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However, the worse outcomes are not, in fact, inevitable. The likelihood that these phenomena will worsen in the coming years can seem like an inevitability to those already suffering from the region’s frequent natural disasters. Crumbling infrastructure in major cities like Jakarta, Bangkok, and Ho Chi Minh City have compounded the effects of climate change by exacerbating more frequent flooding. The damaging effects of climate change-rising sea levels, threatened livelihoods and food security, warmer and more acidic oceans, and increasingly frequent extreme weather-are already the reality for many people in Southeast Asia. Individual nations’ commitments to curb emissions place net carbon neutrality far in the future, and few leaders have demonstrated an understanding of the impact of climate change on the world’s oceans. The earth is projected to warm until at least the mid-century under all scenarios considered, and many greenhouse gas–induced changes are “irreversible for centuries to millennia, especially changes in the ocean, ice sheets and global sea level.” Extreme weather events around the world have increased in frequency and intensity. A recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) paints a bleak picture. Greenhouse gas emissions have only accelerated and the world’s most ambitious climate accord, the Paris Agreement, has proven vulnerable to partisan politics. Climate ChangeĬlimate change is a looming threat to the long-term social and geopolitical stability of Southeast Asia.

Except where conference participants are cited directly, what follows are solely the opinions of the authors.

Those discussions informed the findings of this report. Experts from the legal, political, and scientific communities discussed what Southeast Asia’s shared maritime challenges mean for the region and its people and what regional states and partner nations can do to meet those challenges. With this in mind, CSIS held a three-part virtual conference in June 2021 to address these challenges. Everything from climate change, plastic pollution, and fisheries management to legal frameworks and maritime domain awareness present transnational problems that the region must overcome, or face the collective consequences. With 9 out of 10 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries touching the sea, Southeast Asia is on the front lines of the world’s shared maritime challenges.

Family Planning, Maternal and Child Health, and Immunizations.

Energy, Climate Change, and Environmental Impacts.

Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation.

Defense Industry, Acquisition, and Innovation.

Intelligence, Surveillance, and Privacy.

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